Photoperiod alters pain responsiveness via changes in pelage characteristics

نویسندگان

  • Zachary M. Weil
  • Michelle Gatien Hotchkiss
  • Randy J. Nelson
چکیده

Small mammals use day length to adjust morphology and physiology to anticipate seasonal changes in environmental conditions. The canonical photoperiod-mediated annual adaptation is seasonal breeding. However, increasing evidence suggests that day-length information can induce plasticity in the nervous system, and thus provoke behavioral plasticity that can aid in winter survival. We hypothesized that low temperatures and reduced food availability in the winter would necessitate the evolution of increased pain tolerance mediated by short day lengths. Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus (Pallas, 1773)) housed in short days regressed their reproductive tracts and molted to winter pelage. Short-day hamsters also displayed elevated latencies of nociceptive responses in the hot-plate test, suggesting reduced pain responsivity. Prior to assessing potential neuronal or neuroendocrine mediators of altered pain responses, however, we investigated the possibility that changes in fur characteristics mediated photoperiod differences in pain responsivity. Removal of fur with a depilatory cream eliminated photoperiod differences in pain responsivity. Taken together, these data indicate that day length regulates thermal pain responses via changes in fur properties; also, changes in pelage properties have both thermoregulatory and thermal insulatory properties. Résumé : Les petits mammifères utilisent la longueur du jour afin d’ajuster leur morphologie et leur physiologie en anticipation des changements saisonniers des conditions du milieu. L’adaptation saisonnière par excellence contrôlée par la photopériode est la reproduction annuelle. Cependant, des indications de plus en plus nombreuses laissent croire que les informations sur la longueur du jour peuvent induire une plasticité du système nerveux et provoquer ainsi une plasticité comportementale qui peut favoriser la survie à l’hiver. Nous avançons l’hypothèse selon laquelle les basses températures et la disponibilité réduite de la nourriture en hiver requièrent l’évolution d’une tolérance accrue à la douleur sous l’influence des courtes photopériodes. Des hamsters nains de Dzoungarie (Phodopus sungorus (Pallas, 1773)) gardés dans des conditions de jours courts subissent une régression de leurs voies reproductrices et acquièrent par mue leur pelage d’hiver. Les hamsters gardés en jours courts affichent aussi des latences élevées des réactions nociceptives dans le test de sensibilité à la chaleur, ce qui laisse croire à une réactivité réduite à la douleur. Cependant, avant d’évaluer les médiateurs neuronaux ou endocriniens potentiels de ces réactions modifiées à la douleur, nous avons étudié la possibilité que les changements dans les caractéristiques de la fourrure soient responsables des différences de réactivité à la douleur reliées à la photopériode. Le retrait de la fourrure avec une crème épilatoire élimine les différences de réactivité à la douleur reliées à la photopériode. Dans leur ensemble, ces données indiquent que la photopériode contrôle les réactions à la douleur thermique par le biais de changements dans les propriétés de la fourrure; de plus, les changements dans les caractéristiques du pelage ont des propriétés de thermorégulation et d’isolement thermique. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2008