Photoperiod alters pain responsiveness via changes in pelage characteristics
نویسندگان
چکیده
Small mammals use day length to adjust morphology and physiology to anticipate seasonal changes in environmental conditions. The canonical photoperiod-mediated annual adaptation is seasonal breeding. However, increasing evidence suggests that day-length information can induce plasticity in the nervous system, and thus provoke behavioral plasticity that can aid in winter survival. We hypothesized that low temperatures and reduced food availability in the winter would necessitate the evolution of increased pain tolerance mediated by short day lengths. Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus (Pallas, 1773)) housed in short days regressed their reproductive tracts and molted to winter pelage. Short-day hamsters also displayed elevated latencies of nociceptive responses in the hot-plate test, suggesting reduced pain responsivity. Prior to assessing potential neuronal or neuroendocrine mediators of altered pain responses, however, we investigated the possibility that changes in fur characteristics mediated photoperiod differences in pain responsivity. Removal of fur with a depilatory cream eliminated photoperiod differences in pain responsivity. Taken together, these data indicate that day length regulates thermal pain responses via changes in fur properties; also, changes in pelage properties have both thermoregulatory and thermal insulatory properties. Résumé : Les petits mammifères utilisent la longueur du jour afin d’ajuster leur morphologie et leur physiologie en anticipation des changements saisonniers des conditions du milieu. L’adaptation saisonnière par excellence contrôlée par la photopériode est la reproduction annuelle. Cependant, des indications de plus en plus nombreuses laissent croire que les informations sur la longueur du jour peuvent induire une plasticité du système nerveux et provoquer ainsi une plasticité comportementale qui peut favoriser la survie à l’hiver. Nous avançons l’hypothèse selon laquelle les basses températures et la disponibilité réduite de la nourriture en hiver requièrent l’évolution d’une tolérance accrue à la douleur sous l’influence des courtes photopériodes. Des hamsters nains de Dzoungarie (Phodopus sungorus (Pallas, 1773)) gardés dans des conditions de jours courts subissent une régression de leurs voies reproductrices et acquièrent par mue leur pelage d’hiver. Les hamsters gardés en jours courts affichent aussi des latences élevées des réactions nociceptives dans le test de sensibilité à la chaleur, ce qui laisse croire à une réactivité réduite à la douleur. Cependant, avant d’évaluer les médiateurs neuronaux ou endocriniens potentiels de ces réactions modifiées à la douleur, nous avons étudié la possibilité que les changements dans les caractéristiques de la fourrure soient responsables des différences de réactivité à la douleur reliées à la photopériode. Le retrait de la fourrure avec une crème épilatoire élimine les différences de réactivité à la douleur reliées à la photopériode. Dans leur ensemble, ces données indiquent que la photopériode contrôle les réactions à la douleur thermique par le biais de changements dans les propriétés de la fourrure; de plus, les changements dans les caractéristiques du pelage ont des propriétés de thermorégulation et d’isolement thermique. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
منابع مشابه
Seasonal pelage color change: news based on a South American rodent.
Mammalian seasonal molting and color change are known to be influenced by photoperiod changes. Calomys laucha, a South American rodent, exhibits seasonal pelage color change; however, unlike Northern hemisphere rodents, which present a gray or brown color during summer and a whitish color during winter, C. laucha pelage changes from an orange color during summer to a dark gray color during wint...
متن کاملPhotoperiod and temperature affect reproductive and nonreproductive functions in male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster).
Adult male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) were housed for 10 wk and exposed to long (16L:8D) or short (8L:16D) photoperiods at 21 degrees or 5 degrees C. Maintenance in short day lengths reduced testicular, epididymal, and seminal vesicle mass and also significantly depressed spermatogenic activity. Cold ambient temperature further suppressed gonadal size in voles exposed to short days. S...
متن کاملThe thalamic intergeniculate leaflet mediates locomotor activity-induced reversal of phenotype in photoperiod nonresponsive Siberian hamsters.
The role of the intergeniculate leaflet of the thalamus (IGL) in photoperiod responsiveness was examined in a laboratory-selected line of photoperiod nonresponsive (NR) Siberian hamsters. NR hamsters fail to exhibit typical winter-type responses (i.e., gonadal regression and development of winter-type pelage) when exposed to short day lengths (e.g., 10 h of light/day). Earlier studies revealed ...
متن کاملPhotoperiod alters affective responses in collared lemmings.
This study examined photoperiodic regulation of affective behaviours in collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus). Male and female lemmings were housed in either long (LD 22:2), intermediate (LD 16:8), or short days (LD 8:16) for 9 weeks. Exposure to short days induced moult to a winter pelage and gonadal regression in male, but not female, lemmings. Lemmings housed in long days reduced anx...
متن کاملThe Responsiveness of the Persian Version of Neck Disability Index and Functional Rating Index Following Physiotherapy Intervention in People with Chronic Neck Pain
Background: Clinicians and researchers commonly use responsive outcome measures to interpret changes in a patient's condition as a result of an intervention. This study was conducted to assess the ability of the Persian version of Neck Disability Index and Functional Rating Index to detect responsiveness in the patients with neck pain.Methods: A diagnostic accuracy study was done in Ahvaz, Iran...
متن کامل